Depending on relevance to the issues and various levels of contribution, some countries have introduced more specified protection policies. In efforts to prevent and mediate marine debris and pollutants, laws and policies have been adopted internationally, with the UN including reduced marine pollution in Sustainable Development Goal 14 "Life Below Water". This increased water pollution has caused serious negative effects such as discarded fishing nets capturing animals, concentration of plastic debris in massive marine garbage patches, and increasing concentrations of contaminants in the food chain. ĭumping, container spillages, litter washed into storm drains and waterways and wind-blown landfill waste all contribute to this problem. Waterborne plastic poses a serious threat to fish, seabirds, marine reptiles, and marine mammals, as well as to boats and coasts. The largest single type of plastic pollution (~10%) and majority of large plastic in the oceans is discarded and lost nets from the fishing industry. With the increasing use of plastic, human influence has become an issue as many types of (petrochemical) plastics do not biodegrade quickly, as would natural or organic materials. Naturally occurring debris, such as driftwood and drift seeds, are also present. Deliberate disposal of wastes at sea is called ocean dumping. Floating oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and on coastlines, frequently washing aground, when it is known as beach litter or tidewrack. Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been released in a sea or ocean.
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